Science

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Sun Sunrise/Sunset/Solar Noon Time, Azimuth, Altitude

Calculates the sun’s sunrise/sunset/solar noon times, azimuth, and altitude.
• Sunrise/sunset/solar noon times: Times when the sun rises, sets, and reaches its highest point on a specific date
• Azimuth: Horizontal direction angle of the sun at a specific time
• Altitude: Vertical direction angle of the sun at a specific time
• Twilight options: none, civil twilight, nautical twilight, astronomical twilight

Input [Type]: Latitude, longitude, date, time
Output [Type]: Time or angle

For information about twilight (civil, nautical, astronomical), please refer to here.

Moon Moonrise/Moonset/Lunar Noon Time, Azimuth, Altitude, Phase

Calculates the moon’s moonrise/moonset/lunar noon times, azimuth, altitude, and phase.
• Moonrise/moonset/lunar noon times: Times when the moon rises, sets, and reaches its highest point on a specific date
• Azimuth: Horizontal direction angle of the moon at a specific time
• Altitude: Vertical direction angle of the moon at a specific time
• Phase: Moon shape changes (0=new moon, 0.5=half moon, 1=full moon)

Input [Type]: Latitude, longitude, date, time
Output [Type]: Time or angle/phase value

Air Humidity/Temperature Properties Calculation

Calculates air humidity ratio, relative humidity, water vapor pressure, and other properties.
Calculable properties: humidity ratio, wet bulb temperature, dew point temperature, relative humidity, water vapor pressure, enthalpy, specific volume, density, degree of saturation, saturation vapor pressure, vapor pressure deficit, absolute humidity, humidity deficit
Input conditions: dry bulb temperature + altitude + (one of: wet bulb temperature or dew point temperature or relative humidity)

Input [Type]: Dry bulb temperature (°C), altitude (m), wet bulb temperature/dew point temperature/relative humidity
Output [Type]: Calculated air property value

Standard Atmospheric Pressure/Temperature at Specific Altitude

Calculates the standard atmospheric pressure or temperature at a specific altitude.
Calculations are based on the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) model, providing atmospheric pressure and temperature changes according to elevation above sea level.
Example: Altitude 1000m → Standard atmospheric pressure: 89,875 Pa, Standard temperature: 8.5°C

Input [Type]: Altitude (m)
Output [Type]: Standard atmospheric pressure or temperature

Station Pressure and Sea Level Pressure Conversion

Calculates conversion between station pressure and sea level pressure.
• Sea level pressure: Station pressure at a specific altitude corrected to sea level
• Station pressure: Sea level pressure converted to actual atmospheric pressure at a specific altitude
Used in meteorological observations to correct for pressure changes due to altitude differences.

Input [Type]: Pressure (Pa), altitude (m), temperature (°C)
Output [Type]: Converted pressure