GPIO

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GPIO stands for General Purpose Input/Output, which refers to a general-purpose input/output interface. These are pins used to control various external devices such as push buttons, LEDs, and sensors.

All currently released Raspberry Pi models provide 40-pin GPIO, and the function of each pin is the same regardless of the model. There are two methods for numbering pins: one based on the connector pin numbers (Physical/Board) and another based on the Broadcom CPU channel numbers (GPIO/BCM).

All pin numbers used in Grablo are based on GPIO/BCM. Therefore, care must be taken not to confuse GPIO pin numbers with connector pin numbers.

In the pin map above, the numbers shown in circles are the connector pin numbers, and the numbers labeled “GPIO xx” are the GPIO pin numbers.

You can connect to GPIO more conveniently by using GPIO expansion boards available in the market.

3.3V, 5V, GND(Ground)

Pins for supplying power to external devices.

The current consumption of connected external devices must not exceed the maximum allowable current of the pins.
– 3.3V pin: approximately 800mA
– 5V pin: approximately 2.5A minus the Raspberry Pi’s own current consumption (including camera, USB, etc.) and 3.3V pin current consumption

For external devices with high current consumption such as motors and many LEDs, it is recommended to supply power from a separate external power source.

Hardware I2C Pins

GPIO 2 and 3 are pins for I2C communication. They can also be used as general digital input/output pins.

Hardware SPI Pins

GPIO 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are pins for SPI communication. They can also be used as general digital input/output pins.

Serial (UART) Communication Pins

GPIO 14 and 15 are pins for serial (UART) communication. They can also be used as general digital input/output pins.

Hardware PWM Pins

GPIO 12 and 13 are pins for hardware PWM output. They can also be used as general digital input/output pins.

Other GPIO Pins

Pins for general digital input/output.

Raspberry Pi does not have analog input pins. Therefore, to receive analog signals, you must use a separate analog-to-digital converter (ADC) such as the ADS1115.
For more detailed information about each pin, please refer to https://pinout.xyz/.

The voltage level of all Raspberry Pi GPIO pins except power pins is 3.3V, and connecting 5V may damage the Raspberry Pi. Care must be taken not to exceed the allowable current levels for each GPIO pin: maximum input 0.5 mA, maximum output approximately 8mA (maximum total of all output pins 50mA).

GPIO

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